Poker Average Stack
This article was written by blackrain79.com contributor Ryan Lewis.
There are all sorts of mathematical equations that can be utilised in poker to assist players to help with their decision making in game.
In order to become successful long term players, we must have a good understanding of poker math theory so it can be applied in real time during live or online play.
Although not the most sexiest subject in the game, a lack of understanding in basic math can lead to costly errors down the track and force our win rate or return on investment to take a substantial hit.
In this article I will introduce the stack to pot ratio equation and how you can use it in game to boost your win rate and results.
The stack to pot ratio (SPR) is a simple basic calculation that tells us how much we are willing to risk to win a hand.
The equation is calculated post flop and applies on the flop only and before any betting is done. The formula is:
For example, we head to the flop as the pre flop raiser and only the big blind calls. The pot size is 6.5BB. I have 97BB in my stack, the big blind has 40BB in theirs.
The effective stack is 40BB, as I can only win what the big blind has remaining. The stack to pot ratio is: 6.2
6.2 = 40 / 6.5
Depending on what blog you read or what poker book you have, you will find that there is conflicting information on what a low, medium and high SPR is. Some books will say that a low SPR is 2.5, others will say 3-4, and then others will say 6.
As per usual in life the answer lies somewhere in the middle.
Through experience of playing hundreds of thousands of hands I have come up with my own conclusions on optimal stack to pot ratio numbers:
By calculating the SPR we can make a logical decision if we want to play for all the money on the flop.
Below is a hand strength guide which we can use to determine how willing we are to play for all the money on the flop based on the stack to pot ratio:
The basic premise is the higher our SPR is, the higher our hand strength must be to auto stack off on the flop. Overpairs also do well in SPR’s of 6 and below.
Bare also in mind that these numbers are fluid. If you have a specific read on villain and know they like to stack off light, then getting it in with top pair when the SPR is 6 is viable.
Another point to keep in mind is 3bet pots usually create an SPR of roughly 4. This allows you to stack off comfortably with top pair and overpair type holdings.
Draws can be tricky to play with middling SPRs because you can be forced to call it off on the flop if you are presented with the right pot odds.
This can happen if you check raise the flop from the big blind with the nut flush draw and then face a jam. If presented with correct pot odds I advise to make the call, even if the SPR suggests otherwise.
Alright, let's look at a few different examples of using stack to pot ratio in poker. Hopefully this will give you a better understanding of how to use SPR at the tables yourself.
Button (Hero) 100BB vs BB (villain) 26BB
We hold A♠ K♣
Flop
4♠ 8♦ A♥
Pot is 6.5BB, SPR is 4. Villain donks for 3BB.
Hero should raise to 9BB and look to call a jam from the BB.
This is an easy stack off opportunity on the flop. We flop top pair top kicker in a low SPR of 4.
Button (Hero) 100BB vs BB (villain) 50BB
We hold 4♥ 4♣
Flop
4♠ 6♦ 7♦
Pot is 6.5BB, SPR is 7.7. Hero cbets 4BB. Villain check raises to 12BB.
Hero should jam.
Here the SPR is a little higher at 7.7. We flop bottom set and face a check raise on a wet board.
On this flop we should look to get it in immediately as there are many cards on the turn and river that will kill the action.
Any diamond, 3, 5, 8, 9 and T (almost half the deck!) are bad cards for us and we would rather get our money in on the flop when we are ahead the majority of the time.
Button (Hero) 100BB vs BB (villain) 100BB
We hold A♠ A♥
Flop
8♠ 8♥ 5♥
Pot is 6.5BB, SPR is 15.4. Hero cbets 2.5BB. Villain check raises to 10BB.
Hero should call.
In this example the SPR is high at 15.3. Our threshold for stacking off on the flop at this level should not be overpairs. Hero should call and reassess the action on the turn.
Are you having trouble beating low stakes poker games online or live in the casino? Are you interested in making a consistent part time income playing these games?
That is why I wrote this free little 50 page poker cheat sheet to give you the exact strategies to start consistently making solid money in low stakes poker games right now.
These are the exact poker strategies by the way that I have used as a 10+ year poker pro. And I lay them all out for you step by step in this free guide.
Enter your details below and I will send my free poker cheat sheet to your inbox right now.
Here are a few concepts we can use both pre flop and post flop to assist us in how we plan a hand. First we need to take note of our opponents' stack sizes.
One of the most important and underrated skills we can undertake is to be more aware of our opponents stack size when heading to the flop.
Once we have a rough idea of the SPR, we can plan accordingly and decide whether we want to play for all the money before we perform our action.
You should have a rough idea of the SPR in every hand you play.
We can also exploitatively fold and not cold call marginal holdings such as low pocket pairs and suited connectors pre flop when facing an open raise from a short stacked player (60BB or less).
These holdings perform best with SPRs of 10 and higher.
The logic here is that you need to have the opportunity to win a large pot to balance out all the times when you call a raise and are forced to fold when you miss.
This is something that Phil Ivey talks about in a lot more detail in his recent MasterClass poker training.
This situation will occur usually when we face opponents who open limp with a short stack. The general advice is to isolate the limper by raising to 4BB if you have a hand worth playing.
I would add to this advice that you can and should exploitatively raise larger to at least 6BB (or sometimes higher) when you hold a high pocket pair.
The limper will still call the majority of the time and by raising larger you create a larger pot heading to the flop which creates a smaller stack to pot ratio.
Smaller SPRs benefit big overpairs as you can easily get it in on the flop if facing aggression. By the way, I have already written the complete guide on when to fold your overpair.
We can also use this advice when 3 betting. Instead of 3 betting to a conventional 9 or 10BB we can opt for a larger sizing, such as 11 or 12BB.
If our 3bet is called we often head to the flop with an SPR of under 4 (assuming we are playing for 100BB), which can make our decisions easier if we decide to play for all the money.
I would advise against opening the pot (meaning we raise first in before any limpers) pre flop to a sizing higher than 3BB.
Even though this creates a smaller SPR, it forces your opponents to play perfectly against you by calling tighter and 3betting hands that have you crushed.
Unless there are major whales at your table, your raise first in size should be between 2.5-3BB. Remember we make money in poker from our opponents mistakes, not by forcing them to play well.
There is no worse feeling in poker than accumulating a 200BB stack, only to lose it all after overvaluing an overpair or the low end straight. Or having to think about folding bottom set on the flop when the SPR is 30.
Personally I hate playing deep stacked and to this day I avoid it like the plague. I make a conscious effort to reload the table once my stack is 150BB or higher.
I prefer to keep my decisions as simple as possible at the table and I achieve this by sticking to a stack size of around 100-150BB.
I'm not saying that you should do this as well but mastering how to play one stack size is superior than being average at short, regular or deep stacked.
If you stick to one stack size then you get used to what the SPR’s will be and your post flop decisions will become much easier.
If you find yourself playing deep stacked for 200BB often then be aware that the SPR will be between 25 and 30 routinely.
That means your threshold for stacking off on the flop should in theory be much higher and will be narrowed down to middle and top set, and nutted flushes and straights.
For much more on playing optimal deep stacked poker (and how to use SPR when super deep), check out the The Upswing Poker Lab.
The stack to pot ratio is a simple math calculation we can utilise on the flop to decide how willing we are to risk our stack to win the hand.
The higher the SPR is on the flop, the higher our threshold and hand strength will be for getting all the money in.
Try and make a habit to know what the SPR is every hand you play so you know how to proceed on the flop if you face aggression.
In doing so it will allow more clarity in our post flop decision making process.
Lastly, if you want to know the complete strategy that I have used to crush small stakes poker games as a 10+ year pro, make sure you grab a copy of my free poker cheat sheet.
This article was written by Ryan Lewis. Ryan specializes in 6max cash small stakes online poker. He focuses on playing a fundamentally strong tight and aggressive strategy. He particularly enjoys the statistics and game theory side of the game. You can follow him on Twitter right here.
Let me know your thoughts in the comments below on stack to pot ratio. Do you use stack to pot ratio at the poker tables to improve your decision making?
- Poker Average Stack Poker
- Poker Average Stack Game
- Poker Average Stack Calculator
- Poker Average Stack Games
The average stack does help by telling you generally how much play i left in the tourney. Ie if the average stack is 50BB's then everyone is still pretty deep. If the average is 10BB's then you. In a recent World Series of Poker Circuit event that I played in, the nine-handed final table started with blinds of 10K – 20K, and there were roughly 3.5 million chips in play. Some quick division would tell you that the average stack was more than 350K, or about 18 big blinds. In a recent World Series of Poker. Circuit event that I played in, the nine-handed final table started with blinds of 10K – 20K, and there were roughly 3.5 million chips in play. Some quick division would tell you that the average stack was more than 350K, or about 18 big blinds. This simple calculation. The average stack in a tournament often decreases in BB as blind levels increase, especially in faster structures. Keep in mind that almost anything is possible in terms of the rate that a player gains/loses chips, and more often than not a player will gain and lose chips in big jumps rather than gradually over the course of the tournament.
There are all sorts of mathematical equations that can be utilised in poker to assist players to help with their decision making in game.
In order to become successful long term players, we must have a good understanding of poker math theory so it can be applied in real time during live or online play.
Although not the most sexiest subject in the game, a lack of understanding in basic math can lead to costly errors down the track and force our win rate or return on investment to take a substantial hit.
In this article I will introduce the stack to pot ratio equation and how you can use it in game to boost your win rate and results.
What is the stack to pot ratio?
The stack to pot ratio (SPR) is a simple basic calculation that tells us how much we are willing to risk to win a hand.
The equation is calculated post flop and applies on the flop only and before any betting is done. The formula is:
For example, we head to the flop as the pre flop raiser and only the big blind calls. The pot size is 6.5BB. I have 97BB in my stack, the big blind has 40BB in theirs.
The effective stack is 40BB, as I can only win what the big blind has remaining. The stack to pot ratio is: 6.2
6.2 = 40 / 6.5
Depending on what blog you read or what poker book you have, you will find that there is conflicting information on what a low, medium and high SPR is. Some books will say that a low SPR is 2.5, others will say 3-4, and then others will say 6.
As per usual in life the answer lies somewhere in the middle.
Through experience of playing hundreds of thousands of hands I have come up with my own conclusions on optimal stack to pot ratio numbers:
- Low SPR: < 4
- Middle SPR: 4-10
- High SPR: > 10
How to interpret the stack to pot ratio
By calculating the SPR we can make a logical decision if we want to play for all the money on the flop.
Below is a hand strength guide which we can use to determine how willing we are to play for all the money on the flop based on the stack to pot ratio:
The basic premise is the higher our SPR is, the higher our hand strength must be to auto stack off on the flop. Overpairs also do well in SPR’s of 6 and below.
Bare also in mind that these numbers are fluid. If you have a specific read on villain and know they like to stack off light, then getting it in with top pair when the SPR is 6 is viable.
Another point to keep in mind is 3bet pots usually create an SPR of roughly 4. This allows you to stack off comfortably with top pair and overpair type holdings.
Draws can be tricky to play with middling SPRs because you can be forced to call it off on the flop if you are presented with the right pot odds.
This can happen if you check raise the flop from the big blind with the nut flush draw and then face a jam. If presented with correct pot odds I advise to make the call, even if the SPR suggests otherwise.
Examples of using the stack to pot ratio
Alright, let's look at a few different examples of using stack to pot ratio in poker. Hopefully this will give you a better understanding of how to use SPR at the tables yourself.
Low SPR example
Button (Hero) 100BB vs BB (villain) 26BB
We hold A♠ K♣
Flop
4♠ 8♦ A♥
Pot is 6.5BB, SPR is 4. Villain donks for 3BB.
Hero should raise to 9BB and look to call a jam from the BB.
This is an easy stack off opportunity on the flop. We flop top pair top kicker in a low SPR of 4.
Middle SPR example
Button (Hero) 100BB vs BB (villain) 50BB
We hold 4♥ 4♣
Flop
4♠ 6♦ 7♦
Pot is 6.5BB, SPR is 7.7. Hero cbets 4BB. Villain check raises to 12BB.
Hero should jam.
Here the SPR is a little higher at 7.7. We flop bottom set and face a check raise on a wet board.
On this flop we should look to get it in immediately as there are many cards on the turn and river that will kill the action.
Any diamond, 3, 5, 8, 9 and T (almost half the deck!) are bad cards for us and we would rather get our money in on the flop when we are ahead the majority of the time.
High SPR example
Button (Hero) 100BB vs BB (villain) 100BB
We hold A♠ A♥
Flop
8♠ 8♥ 5♥
Pot is 6.5BB, SPR is 15.4. Hero cbets 2.5BB. Villain check raises to 10BB.
Hero should call.
In this example the SPR is high at 15.3. Our threshold for stacking off on the flop at this level should not be overpairs. Hero should call and reassess the action on the turn.
My Free Poker Cheat Sheet Teaches You How to Make $500-$1000 Per Month Playing Poker
Are you having trouble beating low stakes poker games online or live in the casino? Are you interested in making a consistent part time income playing these games?
That is why I wrote this free little 50 page poker cheat sheet to give you the exact strategies to start consistently making solid money in low stakes poker games right now.
These are the exact poker strategies by the way that I have used as a 10+ year poker pro. And I lay them all out for you step by step in this free guide.
Enter your details below and I will send my free poker cheat sheet to your inbox right now.
How the stack to pot ratio can help your poker win rate
Here are a few concepts we can use both pre flop and post flop to assist us in how we plan a hand. First we need to take note of our opponents' stack sizes.
One of the most important and underrated skills we can undertake is to be more aware of our opponents stack size when heading to the flop.
Once we have a rough idea of the SPR, we can plan accordingly and decide whether we want to play for all the money before we perform our action.
You should have a rough idea of the SPR in every hand you play.
We can also exploitatively fold and not cold call marginal holdings such as low pocket pairs and suited connectors pre flop when facing an open raise from a short stacked player (60BB or less).
These holdings perform best with SPRs of 10 and higher.
The logic here is that you need to have the opportunity to win a large pot to balance out all the times when you call a raise and are forced to fold when you miss.
This is something that Phil Ivey talks about in a lot more detail in his recent MasterClass poker training.
Tailor your preflop bet sizing to your preferred stack to pot ratio
This situation will occur usually when we face opponents who open limp with a short stack. The general advice is to isolate the limper by raising to 4BB if you have a hand worth playing.
I would add to this advice that you can and should exploitatively raise larger to at least 6BB (or sometimes higher) when you hold a high pocket pair.
The limper will still call the majority of the time and by raising larger you create a larger pot heading to the flop which creates a smaller stack to pot ratio.
Smaller SPRs benefit big overpairs as you can easily get it in on the flop if facing aggression. By the way, I have already written the complete guide on when to fold your overpair.
We can also use this advice when 3 betting. Instead of 3 betting to a conventional 9 or 10BB we can opt for a larger sizing, such as 11 or 12BB.
If our 3bet is called we often head to the flop with an SPR of under 4 (assuming we are playing for 100BB), which can make our decisions easier if we decide to play for all the money.
I would advise against opening the pot (meaning we raise first in before any limpers) pre flop to a sizing higher than 3BB.
Even though this creates a smaller SPR, it forces your opponents to play perfectly against you by calling tighter and 3betting hands that have you crushed.
Unless there are major whales at your table, your raise first in size should be between 2.5-3BB. Remember we make money in poker from our opponents mistakes, not by forcing them to play well.
Proceed with caution when playing deep stacked
There is no worse feeling in poker than accumulating a 200BB stack, only to lose it all after overvaluing an overpair or the low end straight. Or having to think about folding bottom set on the flop when the SPR is 30.
Poker Average Stack Poker
Personally I hate playing deep stacked and to this day I avoid it like the plague. I make a conscious effort to reload the table once my stack is 150BB or higher.
I prefer to keep my decisions as simple as possible at the table and I achieve this by sticking to a stack size of around 100-150BB.
I'm not saying that you should do this as well but mastering how to play one stack size is superior than being average at short, regular or deep stacked.
If you stick to one stack size then you get used to what the SPR’s will be and your post flop decisions will become much easier.
If you find yourself playing deep stacked for 200BB often then be aware that the SPR will be between 25 and 30 routinely.
That means your threshold for stacking off on the flop should in theory be much higher and will be narrowed down to middle and top set, and nutted flushes and straights.
For much more on playing optimal deep stacked poker (and how to use SPR when super deep), check out the The Upswing Poker Lab.
Final thoughts
The stack to pot ratio is a simple math calculation we can utilise on the flop to decide how willing we are to risk our stack to win the hand.
The higher the SPR is on the flop, the higher our threshold and hand strength will be for getting all the money in.
Try and make a habit to know what the SPR is every hand you play so you know how to proceed on the flop if you face aggression.
In doing so it will allow more clarity in our post flop decision making process.
Lastly, if you want to know the complete strategy that I have used to crush small stakes poker games as a 10+ year pro, make sure you grab a copy of my free poker cheat sheet.
This article was written by Ryan Lewis. Ryan specializes in 6max cash small stakes online poker. He focuses on playing a fundamentally strong tight and aggressive strategy. He particularly enjoys the statistics and game theory side of the game. You can follow him on Twitter right here.
Let me know your thoughts in the comments below on stack to pot ratio. Do you use stack to pot ratio at the poker tables to improve your decision making?
In no-limit hold’em the size of your stack of chips and those of your opponents should have a significant impact on how you play a hand. If you’re playing in a $1-$2 no-limit game and have $250 in front of you, but you have just one opponent who has only $25 left to wager, the effective stack size is $25. That’s all you can win from him and all he can win from you. The maximum potential leverage of a wager either of you might make is only $25.
That’s all you can win—and all you can lose. Let’s assume you’ve been dealt and come out betting $6, which is a typical raise of three times the big blind. We’ll assume you are called by one opponent and both blinds fold. Now the flop is . You think your pair of queens is the best hand and come out betting.
Let’s say you bet $8, a wager of slightly more than half the pot. Your opponent, who began the hand with $25 and called your initial wager of $6, now has $19 remaining. What do you think he’ll do? He’s not likely to call your bet. With only $19 left, he will either fold or raise all-in, because an all-in wager stands some chance of inducing you to fold. Your bet on the flop means your opponent would only have $11 remaining if he called, and if he does call, he’ll probably face a call for the remainder of his chips on the turn. He’s much better off raising and getting all his chips in right now, rather than calling his money off in dribs and drabs throughout the hand.
Your opponent’s big advantage to raising all-in, rather than calling now and then having to call for the remainder of his chips on the next betting round, is that raising gives him what players refer to as fold equity. That’s another way of saying that as long as there’s some chance that your opponent’s raise will convince you to fold, in the long run he’s better off moving all-in than he would be by simply calling your bet and then calling another wager on the next betting round.
Suppose he does raise all-in. You’re probably going to call because he can’t hurt you all that much even if his hand is better than yours. In fact, it’s tough to think of why you would fold under these circumstances. After all, if your opponent was fortunate enough to flop a set, you still have an opportunity to improve and win the pot, and the cost to call is reasonable because he doesn’t have many chips remaining. Moreover, he might have a hand like K-J and thinks his pair of jacks is the top dog, when in fact, you’re still ahead of him. When you think of the hands your opponent might be holding that would motivate him to raise under these circumstances, the majority of them are currently running behind your pair of queens.
Now let’s assume the same hands, but this time you each have $500 in front of you. The effective stack size is now $500 instead of $25, and that’s a big difference. You could win $500, but you could lose that much too. It’s a far cry from the $25 effective stack size in the previous example. Your risk is precisely 20 times greater than it was before—$500 as compared to $25—and that increased level of risk should point you in the direction of increased prudence.
Suppose you make a slightly-more-than-half-the-pot $8 wager and your opponent raises $150. You have an overpair to the board, but realize that even if you call his $150 wager, you can expect to see bets on the turn and the river designed to put your entire $500 stack at risk. Unless your opponent is a complete maniac—someone who bets and raises huge amounts with nothing at all in his hand more often than not—discretion is usually the better part of valor and folding is the best play.
Even though your pair of queens figures to be at the top end of the hands he would raise with, it is certainly not better than all of the hands he might hold. So there’s some room for doubt that didn’t exist in the earlier example. Well, to be very precise, the level of doubt might be the same in both examples, but the cost is really quite different. If your opponent was fortunate enough to flop a set in the example where he only had $25 remaining, you couldn’t get hurt very much if he raised with a hand that happened to reside at the top of his potential holdings. But in a situation where the stacks are big and each of you had $500 potentially at risk, folding an overpair is usually a better decision than calling off all your chips.
Putting All Your Chips at Risk
You will find some opponents who will go all-in regardless of the cost with a big pocket pair, particularly pocket aces, and that’s a major leak in their game. Big and pretty as they are, aces are only one pair, and if his opponent flops two pair or a set, he’s looking to take every chip from the guy willing to go to his grave with aces.
While you’re not going to crack an opponent’s pocket rockets all that often, you don’t really have to. If you have an opponent who is willing to play top pair or an overpair for all his chips, all you need do is have this confrontation once a day or so to ensure that you have a healthy return on your investment at the poker table.
Many poker players make it a point never to go broke with one pair, except for situations where they are short-stacked in a tournament and have to make a stand in an attempt to double up or go home. But under normal circumstances, many of your opponents will not put themselves in a position where they have to confront the possibility of going broke with a single pair—even if it’s aces.
But some players are willing to put all their chips at risk with one pair. Players who were reared on fixed-limit hold’em seem to really suffer from this problem. To limit hold’em players, pocket aces are generally a through-ticket to the river, barring some odd board like four of a single suit that doesn’t match yours, or a four-straight on board with a bet and a raise before the action gets around to you. But those are rare birds and limit hold’em players generally play a pocket pair of aces fast and strong regardless of the board.
This affliction also bedevils very tight players too. They play so snugly that when they finally pick up a premium hand they are unwilling to release it, since they fold so many other hands with regularity. These players are often smart enough to understand they can be in trouble with one pair—even when that pair is aces—but are often emotionally unwilling to release the kind of hand their tight, rocky play has been waiting for all session.
Playing Through Multiple Streets
One of the expensive lessons learned when taking up no-limit poker is that decisions made on one betting round impact those made subsequently. In a fixed-limit game, a bet on the flop or the turn is sort of independent of what might transpire on subsequent rounds. Sure, your opponent might bet the turn if he bet the flop, but the amount of his bet is a known quantity and can easily be factored into a play-or-fold decision on that earlier betting round.
But whenever an opponent bets or raises on the flop or the turn in a no-limit game, there’s a good chance he’s going to make an even bigger wager on the next betting round. When all of your chips might be at risk on subsequent betting rounds, you have to consider the potential cost of impending bets when considering a decision to call now.
This has the effect of implied odds being leveraged against you. A call made at the price of a few chips when you have a drawing hand must be made with a considered awareness of what you intend to do if you miss your draw on the current wagering round and your opponent fires a very big bet at you subsequently. If that happens the cost to take a card off and see the river will have gone up dramatically, and the odds against completing your hand with only one card to come—as compared with the odds against making your hand with two cards to come when you’ve just seen the flop—have just gotten significantly longer.
The Short Stack Specialists
You’ll find many poker players – particularly those who play online – actively seek out no-limit games where they can buy in for a short stack. There they employ tactics designed to double up whenever they can while minimizing big losses specifically because they do not play a big enough stack to put their bankrolls at risk.
Poker Average Stack Game
A short-stacker might look to buy-in to a cash game from between 15 and 30 big blinds. That’s a big difference from the maximum buy-in, which can range from 100 big blinds to an unlimited amount. Because of the difference in stack sizes, short stacked and deep stacked players are essentially playing different games for different stakes at the same table, and whenever there are two deep stacked and one short stacked player contesting a pot, the side pot is likely to be much larger than the main pot.
Because a short stacked player has little leverage over the actions of his more deeply stacked opponents, he has to play tight poker, while the deep stacked players can employ a looser style, using their stack size to pressure other players while manipulating the pot odds offered to them.
A tight-but-aggressive short stack strategy works best with a minimum of seven others at the table. If the table is short-handed, a short stacked specialist will be hard pressed to keep up with the cost of the blinds paid while waiting for big, playable hands. In addition, short stack strategy works better against loose opponents. Our short stacked specialist is looking for opportunities to go all-in for his short buy-in, and hoping for two or more callers when he does.
Conclusion
Poker Average Stack Calculator
Determining the effective stack size is critically important in every hand you play. Without an awareness of how much potential risk exists based on the stack sizes, a player can easily get into more trouble than he’s looking for. It’s been said that poker is a game of money played with cards, and without being cognizant of stack size and the amount of money at risk on any given hand, a player can be in grave danger and not even realize it.
The traps of stack size are easy to avoid. Just estimate your opponent’s stack size—and always be aware of how many chips you have too—at the beginning of a hand. You needn’t be precise about it. A good estimate is all that’s needed to help you avoid the dangers of playing too small a hand for too much money, or playing too weak a hand to survive as a short stack specialist.
Poker Average Stack Games
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By Lou Krieger
The author of many best-selling poker books, including “Hold’em Excellence” and “Poker for Dummies”. A true ambassador of the game and one of poker’s greatest ever teachers.
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